- EASY TO REMEMBER PASSWORD GENERATOR 4 WORDS SOFTWARE
- EASY TO REMEMBER PASSWORD GENERATOR 4 WORDS PASSWORD
- EASY TO REMEMBER PASSWORD GENERATOR 4 WORDS CRACK
If you're confused, don't worry you're in good company even security "experts" don't understand the comic: The title text likely refers to the fact that this comic could cause people who understand information theory and agree with the message of the comic to get into an infuriating argument with people who do not - and disagree with the comic. People who don't understand information theory and security A human would have attempted at passwords that looked random.
EASY TO REMEMBER PASSWORD GENERATOR 4 WORDS PASSWORD
The only entropy left is a boolean statement: "Is this password correcthorsebatterystaple, yes or no?"Ī = lowercase letters A = uppercase letters 9 = digits & = the 32 special characters in an American keyboard Randall assumes only the 16 most common characters are used in practice (4 bits) (*) The use of explains why jAwwBYne has two consecutive w's, why Re-:aRo has two R's, why has no letters, why ewpltiayq has no numbers, why "constant yield" is part of a password, etc. Thanks to this comic, this is now one of the first passwords a hacker will try. Go to and select 4 random integers between then go to your list of common words If n is the number of symbols and L is the length of the password, then L = 44 / log 2(n).Įxtra letter to meet length requirement log 2(26) = 4.7Ī 9 = common substitutions 4 = punctuationġ = caps? 3 = common substitutions 4 = punctuation The examples of expected passwords were generated in .(*) 25 random lowercase characters would have 117 bits of entropy, vs 44 bits for the common words list.īelow there is a detailed example which shows how different rules of complexity work to generate a password with supposed 44 bits of entropy.
EASY TO REMEMBER PASSWORD GENERATOR 4 WORDS CRACK
If the attacker doesn't know the algorithm used, and only knows that lowercase letters are selected, the "common words" password would take even longer to crack than depicted. For comparison, the entropy offered by Diceware's 7776 word list is 13 bits per word. The number of combinations of 4 words from this list of words is (2 11) 4 = 2 44, i.e. In this case the attacker knows the 2048 words, and knows that we selected 4 words, but not which words. For any attack we must assume that the attacker knows our password generation algorithm, but not the exact password.
Xkcd's password generation scheme requires the user to have a list of 2048 common words (log 2(2048) = 11). In addition to being easier to remember, long strings of lowercase characters are also easier to type on smartphones and soft keyboards. Even if the individual characters are all limited to, the exponent implied in "we added another lowercase character, so multiply by 26 again" tends to dominate the results. It is absolutely true that people make passwords hard to remember because they think they are "safer", and it is certainly true that length, all other things being equal, tends to make for very strong passwords and this can be confirmed by using 's password strength checker. Using such symbols was again visited in one of the tips in 1820: Security Advice. (For related info, see ).Īnother way of selecting a password is to have 2048 "symbols" (common words) and select only 4 of those symbols. This is because the password follows a simple pattern of a dictionary word + a couple extra numbers or symbols, hence the entropy calculation is more appropriately expressed with log2(65000*94*94), with 65000 representing a rough estimate of all dictionary words people are likely to choose. However the comic shows that "Tr0ub4dor&3" has only 28 bits of entropy. It is calculated as log2(a^b) where a is the number of allowed symbols and b is its length.Ī truly random string of length 11 (not like "Tr0ub4dor&3", but more like "J4I/tyJ&Acy") has log2(94^11) = 72.1 bits, with 94 being the total number of letters, numbers, and symbols one can choose. In this context, it can be thought of as a value representing how unpredictable the next character of a password is. On the other hand, a password such as "correct horse battery staple" is hard for computers to guess due to having more entropy but quite easy for humans to remember.Įntropy is a measure of "uncertainty" in an outcome.
EASY TO REMEMBER PASSWORD GENERATOR 4 WORDS SOFTWARE
This comic says that a password such as "Tr0ub4dor&3" is bad because it is easy for password cracking software and hard for humans to remember, leading to insecure practices like writing the password down on a post-it attached to the monitor.
Title text: To anyone who understands information theory and security and is in an infuriating argument with someone who does not (possibly involving mixed case), I sincerely apologize.
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